Which of the following firearms is restricted from civilian ownership in Massachusetts without proper licensing?

The correct choice highlights that large capacity firearms are restricted from civilian ownership in Massachusetts without proper licensing. In the state, a large capacity firearm is defined as any firearm capable of accepting a magazine with a capacity greater than ten rounds. This specific regulation is part of the state's efforts to enhance public safety and control access to more powerful firearms.

Both bolt-action rifles and semi-automatic shotguns, under certain conditions, may be owned by civilians without the same level of restrictions as large capacity firearms. Additionally, non-lethal pepper spray is not classified as a firearm and generally does not require the same licensing procedures, making these options less relevant to the question regarding restrictions on civilian ownership.